Focus on the question of human existence and the conditions of this existence
30 mai 2019Re-elect Mayor Goldie Wilson. Progress is his middle name. Yeah, it's in the back. Ho ho ho, look at it roll. Now we could watch Jackie Gleason while we eat. Watch it, Goldie. This is more serious than I thought. Apparently your mother is amorously infatuated with you instead of your father.
Uh, stories, science fiction stories, about visitors coming down to Earth from another planet. Oh. My god, they found me. I don't know how but they found me. Run for it, Marty. My god, they found me. I don't know how but they found me. Run for it, Marty. No. Give me a hand, Lorenzo. Ow, dammit, man, I sliced my hand.
What were you doing in the middle of the street, a kid your age. Never? Hey guys, you gotta get back in there and finish the dance. Good morning, Mom. Stand tall, boy, have some respect for yourself. Don't you know that if you let people walk all over you know, they'll be walking all over you for the rest of your life? Listen to me, do you think I'm gonna spend the rest of my life in this slop house?
Let's get you into a radiation suit, we must prepare to reload. Sit here, Marty. Whoa, they really cleaned this place up, looks brand new. Stop it. Okay, that's enough. Now stop the microphone. I'm sorry fellas. I'm afraid you're just too darn loud. Next, please. Where's the next group, please.
1955? You're my ma- you're my ma. Hey, not too early I sleep in on Saturday. Oh, McFly, your shoe's untied. Don't be so gullible, McFly. You got the place fixed up nice, McFly. I have you're car towed all the way to your house and all you've got for me is light beer. What are you looking at, butthead. Say hi to your mom for me. Marty, that was very interesting music. Your, your right. C'mon, more, dammit. Jeez. Holy shit. Let's see if you bastards can do ninety.
Well looky what we have here. No no no, you're staying right here with me. Quiet. Well, now we gotta sneak this back into my laboratory, we've gotta get you home. Yeah, alright, bye-bye. What? How could I have been so careless. One point twenty-one gigawatts. Tom, how am I gonna generate that kind of power, it can't be done, it can't.
Perfect, just perfect. Yeah, I think it's a major embarrassment having an uncle in prison. It's my dad. You guys, take him in back and I'll be right there. Well c'mon, this ain't no peep show. Marty, why are you so nervous?
Well, what if they didn't like them, what if they told me I was no good. I guess that would be pretty hard for somebody to understand. Whoa, this is heavy. Oh, pleased to meet you, Calvin Marty Klein. Do you mind if I sit here? You broke it. Wow, look at him go. That's George McFly.
Hey wait, wait a minute, who are you? Stella, another one of these damn kids jumped in front of my car. Come on out here, help me take him in the house. Damn. I'm late for school. Oh yes sir.
It is true or false that language is not a "brute fact," that it is a human convention, a metaphysical reality
30 mai 2019About 30 years, it's a nice round number. Scram, McFly. Oh. I don't wanna see you in here again. Remember, fellas, the future is in your hands. If you believe in progress, re-elect Mayor Red Thomas, progress is his middle name. Mayor Red Thomas's progress platform means more jobs, better education, bigger civic improvements, and lower taxes. On election day, cast your vote for a proven leader, re-elect Mayor Red Thomas...
Jesus, George, it's a wonder I was ever born. Of course, the Enchantment Under The Sea Dance they're supposed to go to this, that's where they kiss for the first time. Yeah, sure, okay. Yeah, but I never picked a fight in my entire life. Stop it.
Yeah, sure, okay. Like I always told you, if you put your mind to it you could accomplish anything. My god, they found me. I don't know how but they found me. Run for it, Marty. My god, they found me. I don't know how but they found me. Run for it, Marty. Hey I'm talking to you, McFly, you Irish bug. It works, ha ha ha ha, it works. I finally invent something that works.
Check out that four by four. That is hot. Someday, Jennifer, someday. Wouldn't it be great to take that truck up to the lake. Throw a couple of sleeping bags in the back. Lie out under the stars. Of course, the Enchantment Under The Sea Dance they're supposed to go to this, that's where they kiss for the first time. Uh listen, do you know where Riverside Drive is? What, right here right now in the cafeteria? What is she said no? I don't know if I could take that kind of rejection. Besides, I think she'd rather go with somebody else. I've gotta go.
Well, because George, nice girls get angry when guys take advantage of them. Hello. I'm gonna ram him. 1955? You're my ma- you're my ma. My god, it's my mother. Put your pants back on.
Working. No, fine, no , good, fine, good. Back to the future. No, it was The Enchantment Under The Sea Dance. Our first date. It was the night of that terrible thunderstorm, remember George? Your father kissed me for the very first time on that dance floor. It was then I realized I was going to spend the rest of my life with him. I said the keys are in here.
That's George McFly? Nah, I just don't think I'm cut out for music. Right. Of course I do. Just a second, let's see if I could find it. Uh Doc, uh no. No, don't be silly.
Roads? Where we're going we don't need roads. What's going on? Where have you been all week? My god, do you know what this means? It means that this damn thing doesn't work at all. Just relax now Calvin, you've got a big bruise on you're head. Safe now, everything's let lined. Don't you lose those tapes now, we'll need a record. Wup, wup, I almost forgot my luggage. Who knows if they've got cotton underwear in the future. I'm allergic to all synthetics.
Perhaps the chain begins with a belief that is justified, but which is not justified by another belief. Such beliefs are called basic beliefs.
30 mai 2019Alternatively, the chain of reasoning may loop around on itself, forming a circle. In this case, the justification of any statement is used, perhaps after a long chain of reasoning, in justifying itself, and the argument is circular. This is a version of coherentism.
Coherentism is the belief that an idea is justified if and only if it is part of a coherent system of mutually supporting beliefs (i.e., beliefs that support each other). In effect Coherentism denies that justification can only take the form of a chain. Coherentism replaces the chain with a holistic web.
The most common objection to naïve Coherentism is that it relies on the idea that circular justification is acceptable. In this view, P ultimately supports P, begging the question. Coherentists reply that it is not just P that is supporting P, but P along with the totality of the other statements in the whole system of belief.
Coherentism accepts any belief that is part of a coherent system of beliefs. In contrast, P can cohere with P1 and P2 without P, P1 or P2 being true. Instead, Coherentists might say that it is very unlikely that the whole system would be both untrue and consistent, and that if some part of the system was untrue, it would almost certainly be inconsistent with some other part of the system.
A third objection is that some beliefs arise from experience and not from other beliefs. An example is that one is looking into a room which is totally dark. The lights turn on momentarily and one sees a white canopy bed in the room. The belief that there is a white canopy bed in this room is based entirely on experience and not on any other belief. Of course other possibilities exist, such as that the white canopy bed is entirely an illusion or that one is hallucinating, but the belief remains well-justified. Coherentists might respond that the belief which supports the belief that there is a white canopy bed in this room is that one saw the bed, however briefly. This appears to be an immediate qualifier which does not depend on other beliefs, and thus seems to prove that Coherentism is not true because beliefs can be justified by concepts other than beliefs. But others have argued that the experience of seeing the bed is indeed dependent on other beliefs, about what a bed, a canopy and so on, actually look like.
Another objection is that the rule demanding "coherence" in a system of ideas seems to be an unjustified belief.
The method of common sense espoused by such philosophers as Thomas Reid and G. E. Moore points out that whenever we investigate anything at all, whenever we start thinking about some subject, we have to make assumptions. When one tries to support one's assumptions with reasons, one must make yet more assumptions. Since it is inevitable that we will make some assumptions, why not assume those things that are most obvious: the matters of common sense that no one ever seriously doubts.
"Common sense" here does not mean old adages like "Chicken soup is good for colds" but statements about the background in which our experiences occur. Examples would be "Human beings typically have two eyes, two ears, two hands, two feet", or "The world has a ground and a sky" or "Plants and animals come in a wide variety of sizes and colors" or "I am conscious and alive right now". These are all the absolutely most obvious sorts of claims that one could possibly make; and, said Reid and Moore, these are the claims that make up common sense.
This view can be seen as either a version of foundationalism, with common sense statements taking the role of basic statements, or as a version of Coherentism. In this case, commonsense statements are statements that are so crucial to keeping the account coherent that they are all but impossible to deny.
If the method of common sense is correct, then philosophers may take the principles of common sense for granted. They do not need criteria in order to judge whether a proposition is true or not. They can also take some justifications for granted, according to common sense. They can get around Sextus' problem of the criterion because there is no infinite regress or circle of reasoning, because the principles of common sense ground the entire chain of reasoning.
According to the mode deriving from dispute, we find that undecidable dissension about the matter proposed has come about both in ordinary life and among philosophers
30 mai 2019Ahh. Jesus. I'm sure that in 1985, plutonium is available at every corner drug store, but in 1955, it's a little hard to come by. Marty, I'm sorry, but I'm afraid you're stuck here. What, what? I will.
Time machine, I haven't invented any time machine. Yeah. Doc, I'm from the future. I came here in a time machine that you invented. Now, I need your help to get back to the year 1985. So tell me, future boy, who's president of the United States in 1985? Huh?
C'mon, open up, let me out of here, Yo. Yeah, well history is gonna change. Stop it. That's Calvin Klein, oh my god, he's a dream. Well gee, I don't know.
I don't know, I can't keep up with all of your boyfriends. Uh? Marty, such a nice name. Hey George, buddy, hey, I've been looking all over for you. You remember me, the guy who saved your life the other day. Yeah, alright, bye-bye. What?
Uh, Lorraine. How did you know I was here? The storm. Brown, Brown, Brown, Brown, Brown, great, you're alive. Do you know where 1640 Riverside- Don't tell me anything. Never mind that, never mind that now, never mind that, never mind-
Yeah, well history is gonna change. Erased from existence. What did I just say? Don't worry. As long as you hit that wire with the connecting hook at precisely 88 miles per hour, the instance the lightning strikes the tower, everything will be fine. Marty, such a nice name.
Good, you could start by sweeping the floor. That was so stupid, Grandpa hit him with the car. Yeah man, that was good. Let's do another one. Biff. Yeah okay.
Oh hey, Biff, hey, guys, how are you doing? Go. What? What, well you mean like a date? Marty, you seem so nervous, is something wrong?
Uh, plutonium, wait a minute, are you telling me that this sucker's nuclear? What do you mean you've seen this, it's brand new. What? I guarantee it. He's a peeping tom. Dad.
Yeah, I'm- mayor. Now that's a good idea. I could run for mayor. Oh. We all make mistakes in life, children I think we need a rematch. The hell you doing to my car?
Gödel's incompleteness theorems were the first of several closely related theorems on the limitations of formal system
30 mai 2019Ahh. Jesus. I'm sure that in 1985, plutonium is available at every corner drug store, but in 1955, it's a little hard to come by. Marty, I'm sorry, but I'm afraid you're stuck here. What, what? I will.
Time machine, I haven't invented any time machine. Yeah. Doc, I'm from the future. I came here in a time machine that you invented. Now, I need your help to get back to the year 1985. So tell me, future boy, who's president of the United States in 1985? Huh?
C'mon, open up, let me out of here, Yo. Yeah, well history is gonna change. Stop it. That's Calvin Klein, oh my god, he's a dream. Well gee, I don't know.
I don't know, I can't keep up with all of your boyfriends. Uh? Marty, such a nice name. Hey George, buddy, hey, I've been looking all over for you.
Uh, Lorraine. How did you know I was here? The storm. Brown, Brown, Brown, Brown, Brown, great, you're alive. Do you know where 1640 Riverside- Don't tell me anything. Never mind that, never mind that now, never mind that, never mind-
Yeah, well history is gonna change. Erased from existence. What did I just say? Don't worry. As long as you hit that wire with the connecting hook at precisely 88 miles per hour, the instance the lightning strikes the tower, everything will be fine. Marty, such a nice name.
Good, you could start by sweeping the floor. That was so stupid, Grandpa hit him with the car. Yeah man, that was good. Let's do another one. Biff. Yeah okay.
Oh hey, Biff, hey, guys, how are you doing? Go. What? What, well you mean like a date? Marty, you seem so nervous, is something wrong?
Uh, plutonium, wait a minute, are you telling me that this sucker's nuclear? What do you mean you've seen this, it's brand new. What? I guarantee it. He's a peeping tom. Dad.
Yeah, I'm- mayor. Now that's a good idea. I could run for mayor. Oh. We all make mistakes in life, children I think we need a rematch. The hell you doing to my car?
In principle, proving a statement true or false can be shown to be equivalent to proving that the number matching the statement does or doesn't have a given property
30 mai 2019You know what I do in those situations? Your not gonna be picking a fight, Dad, dad dad daddy-o. You're coming to a rescue, right? Okay, let's go over the plan again. 8:55, where are you gonna be. Where? Yeah, well history is gonna change. I can't play.
We all make mistakes in life, children Yeah, he's right here. Oh. Why not? Dammit, Doc, why did you have to tear up that letter? If only I had more time. Wait a minute, I got all the time I want I got a time machine, I'll just go back and warn him. 10 minutes oughta do it. Time-circuits on, flux-capacitor fluxing, engine running, alright. No, no no no no, c'mon c'mon. C'mon c'mon, here we go, this time. Please, please, c'mon.
You guys, take him in back and I'll be right there. Well c'mon, this ain't no peep show. Who, who? Okay, alright, I'll prove it to you. Look at my driver's license, expires 1987. Look at my birthday, for crying out load I haven't even been born yet. And, look at this picture, my brother, my sister, and me. Look at the sweatshirt, Doc, class of 1984. Alright, we're the pinheads. Remember, fellas, the future is in your hands. If you believe in progress, re-elect Mayor Red Thomas, progress is his middle name. Mayor Red Thomas's progress platform means more jobs, better education, bigger civic improvements, and lower taxes. On election day, cast your vote for a proven leader, re-elect Mayor Red Thomas...
Doc. Biff. Are you sure about this storm? That's right, twenty five years into the future. I've always dreamed on seeing the future, looking beyond my years, seeing the progress of mankind. I'll also be able to see who wins the next twenty-five world series. Perfect, just perfect.
Y'know this time it wasn't my fault. The Doc set all of his clocks twenty-five minutes slow. Hey McFly, what do you think you're doing. My god, do you know what this means? It means that this damn thing doesn't work at all. Well, they're bigger than me. Bet your ass it works.
George. What's a rerun? Now that's a risk you'll have to take you're life depends on it. Yeah, you got my homework finished, McFly? One point twenty-one gigawatts. One point twenty-one gigawatts. Great Scott.
Alright, okay Jennifer. What if I send in the tape and they don't like it. I mean, what if they say I'm no good. What if they say, 'Get out of here, kid, you got no future.' I mean, I just don't think I can take that kind of rejection. Jesus, I'm beginning to sound like my old man. Yeah, you got my homework finished, McFly? George. Well maybe you are and you just don't know it yet. Thanks, thanks a lot.
C'mon. Marty, you interacted with anybody else today, besides me? Your, your right. Who? You cost three-hundred buck damage to my car, you son-of-a-bitch. And I'm gonna take it out of your ass. Hold him.
You guys, take him in back and I'll be right there. Well c'mon, this ain't no peep show. Right, and where am I gonna be? I gotta go, uh, I gotta go. Thanks very much, it was wonderful, you were all great. See you all later, much later. I don't know, I can't keep up with all of your boyfriends. What did I just say?